According to the chief of the intelligence agency, MI5 is investing more resources than it did during the Cold War to combat state threats. According to Sir Ken McCallum, threats from foreign adversaries have increased fourfold over the past ten years, with Russia emerging as “aggressor number one” and increased aggression by Iran-affiliated groups against military installations and Jewish sites. The head of MI5 claimed that Russia was using hybrid warfare while AI was “supercharging the cyber-security contest between attackers and defenders” during an annual lecture in London.
Additionally, he added that MI5 has “caught terrorists seeking to exploit Al,” particularly by integrating the technology with drones, and warned of growing dangers from “extreme right-wing terrorism.” According to him, extremist organisations employing AI to create new and old bioweapons pose the greatest threat from their misuse. He did point out that efforts to combat state threats and terrorism were now “pretty much of equal scale,” which he called a “huge shift” in recent years.
Sir Ken stated that while Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has made “minimal and horrifically costly” progress, it has refrained from engaging in “conventional conflict” with NATO and is instead attempting to unnerve European nations. The words “hybrid warfare” and “hybrid attacks” are ambiguous and typically refer to non-military tactics, such as cyberattacks, sabotage, or disinformation, that are intended to put pressure on and destabilise an enemy.
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